![]() ![]() You can represent ring settings on our paper model by cutting out the ring templates, shaded in this diagram: This was part of the machine settings that changed on a daily basis, making the messages harder to crack. On a real Enigma machine, the position of the letters (and the turnover points) on each rotor could be changed by pressing out a pin and rotating the outer ring relative to the position of the wiring inside the rotor. You should end up with two correct English words, and your rotors at positions B F C. To try this yourself, use rotors I, II and III with message key A D S to decipher this message: This is called the "double stepping" behaviour and is often misunderstood. When you've finished, you should have written down two correct English words, and your rotors should finish at positions A C B.īecause of the above turnover rules, if the middle rotor steps so that its shaded letter moves into the start position, it must step again (along with the other two rotors) when the next letter in the message is processed. The shading of the letter on the left-hand rotor doesn't matter it would only come in to play if that rotor was in a different place in the order.įor practice, try deciphering this message with the rotors in the same order as our basic example above (I, II, III) and with message key A B R: otherwise, turn just the right-hand rotor one step towards you.otherwise, if the letter on the right-hand rotor is shaded grey, turn the middle and right-hand rotors one step towards you,.If the letter on the middle rotor is shaded grey, turn all three rotors one step towards you,.To handle turnover correctly, we need to add to our instructions above for turning the rotors, based on the letters showing in line with the grey bars: In the example above we chose the message key A B C with a short message so that no turnovers occurred. When the right-hand rotor turns one step, at some positions other rotors turn over as well, which makes the scrambling harder to predict. If you got it right, you should have written down one correct English word! Write down the letter at which you end up. Find the letter from your message on the Input/Output cylinder at the right-hand side, and trace the line from it through all three rotors, in to the reflector, out again back through all three rotors and into the Input/Output cylinder again.You must do this before you read off the letter (even the first one!) Turn just the right-hand rotor one step towards you (so the letter in line with the grey bar becomes the next one alphabetically) make sure that the other rotors and the Input/Output cylinder stay still.Turn the rotors so that the three letters of your message key are in line with the grey bars for practice use A B C.Make sure that the grey bars on the Reflector and the Input/Output cylinders line up this shows the start position of your Enigma machine and lets you track the turnover positions of the rotors.You can start with the basic Enigma machine (using three rotors with ring settings of 01 01 01) using just the 5 pieces shaded in this diagram: The templates use colour to help you follow the lines, but this is not essential and you can print them in black-and-white if you like. Scaling may be set to "Fit to printable area" by default you should set it to "None". Using low-tack "removable" sticky tape can make it easier to swap round and reuse the rotors if you want to do that, but it's not essential.īefore you print the templates, please make sure you turn off any scaling options in your printer software so that it is printed at the exact size required. You will need these PDF templates printed on to 2 A4 sheets of paper, a crisp tube (75mm in diameter and at least 225mm long), clear sticky tape and a pair of scissors.
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